When you set it up you get a one-time retrieval code that you need to write down or memorise or otherwise store.
If you lose your phone you use this code to retrieve your account.
The thing about mobile authentication, though... doesn't it mean that if you ever lose your phone, you're locked out of your account forever? And if it doesn't, isn't it completely useless at actually protecting your account?
If this is your first time logging in after the migration (Feb 8, 2022), you must reset your password to log in. Follow this guide if you're having trouble